Spring 2024 | Harvard University
This graduate seminar gives students control over the secondary literature on Chinese politics, with special attention to competing theoretical and methodological approaches.
Course Requirements
This is a graduate seminar that requires basic familiarity (i.e., the equivalent of an undergraduate course) with the field of Chinese politics. The focus will be less on the substance than on the study of Chinese politics. The seminar covers major theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of domestic Chinese politics, with the aim of exploring the strengths and weaknesses of alternative perspectives. Readings and discussion sessions are intended to encourage an interactive dialogue between the study of China and the larger field of comparative politics. We will ask: What insights garnered from the study of other countries might productively be applied to China? And equally important: What lessons drawn from studies of Chinese politics might enrich the analysis of comparative politics more generally?
Each week, all students will read a common assignment focused on China (marked with a double asterisk on the syllabus). In addition, each student is expected each week to read appropriate non-China materials that relate to the topic for that week. The non-China readings may be chosen from recommendations on the syllabus or selected at the student’s own discretion. All students are expected to participate actively in every class session.
General
Reading and Discussion Notes
Required readings (double asterisk) are available for purchase at the Harvard COOP and have also been placed on reserve at the Harvard-Yenching Library and Fung Library.
Week I (January 25): Introduction – Approaches & Methods
**Allen Carlson, et al., eds., Contemporary Chinese Politics: New Sources, Methods and Field Strategies
Lily L. Tsai, “Bringing in China: Insights for Building Comparative Political Theory,” Comparative Political Studies (December 2016)
Kevin O’Brien, "Studying Chinese Politics in an Age of Specialization," Journal of Contemporary China (September 2011)
Elizabeth J. Perry, “Studying Chinese Politics: Farewell to Revolution?” The China Journal (January 2007)
Lowell Dittmer and William Hurst, “Analysis in Limbo: Contemporary Chinese Politics and the Maturation of Reform,” Issues and Studies (Dec. 2002–March 2003)
Richard Baum and Alexei Shevchenko, “The State of the State,” in Merle Goldman and Roderick MacFarquhar, eds., The Paradox of China’s Post-Mao Reforms
Elizabeth J. Perry, “Partners at Fifty: American China Studies and the PRC,” Harvard Asia Quarterly (Autumn 1999)
Harry Harding, “The Contemporary Study of Chinese Politics: An Introduction,” The China Quarterly, No. 139
Elizabeth J. Perry, “Trends in the Study of Chinese Politics: State-Society Relations,” The China Quarterly, No. 139
Lucian Pye, “Social Science Theories in Search of Chinese Realities,” The China Quarterly, No. 132
David Shambaugh, ed., American Studies of Contemporary China
Avery Goldstein, “The Domain of Inquiry in Political Science: General Lessons from the Study of China,” Polity, Vol. 21, No. 3
Michel Oksenberg, “Politics Takes Command: An Essay on the Study of Post-1949 China,” in The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 14
Michel Oksenberg, “The Literature on Post-1949 China: An Interpretive Essay,” in The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 14
Wenfang Tang, “An Introduction to Survey Research in Urban China,” Issues and Studies (Dec. 2002–March 2003)
Melanie Manion, “Survey Research in the Study of Contemporary China: Learning from Local Samples,” The China Quarterly, No. 139
Cai Yongshun, “Between State and Peasant: Local Cadres and Statistical Reporting in Rural China,” The China Quarterly, No. 163
Chris Bramell, “The Quality of China’s Household Income Surveys,” The China Quarterly, No. 167
William W. Moss, “Research Note: Dang’an – Contemporary Chinese Archives,” The China Quarterly, No. 145
Andrew Walder, “Press Accounts and the Study of Chinese Society,” The China Quarterly, No. 79
Eugene Wu, “Contemporary China Studies: The Question of Sources,” in Roderick MacFarquhar, et al., eds., The Secret Speeches of Chairman Mao
Michel Oksenberg, “Sources and Methodological Problems in the Study of Contemporary China,” in A. Doak Barnett, ed., Chinese Communist Politics in Action
David Goodman, “The Methodology of Contemporary Chinese Studies: Political Studies and the PRC,” in Yu-ming Shaw, ed., Power and Policy in the PRC
Chalmers Johnson, “What Is Wrong with Chinese Political Studies,” Asian Survey (October 1982)
Chalmers Johnson, “Political Science and East Asian Area Studies,” World Politics (July 1974)
Richard Wilson, “Chinese Studies in Crisis,” World Politics, No. 23
Harry Harding, “The Study of Chinese Politics: Toward a Third Generation of Scholarship,” World Politics, No. 36 (January 1984)
Jerome A. Cohen, “Interviewing Chinese Refugees,” Journal of Legal Education (October 1976)
Donald W. Klein, “Sources for Elite Studies and Biographical Materials on China,” in Robert Scalapino, ed., Elites in the People's Republic of China
Martin K. Whyte, “The Study of Mainland China,” Contemporary China (March 1977)
William L. Parish and Martin K. Whyte, Family and Village in Contemporary China, pp. 1–7, 339–351
Anne F. Thurston and Burton Pasternak, eds., The Social Sciences and Fieldwork in China
Anne F. Thurston and Jason H. Parker, eds., Humanistic and Social Science Research in China
Steven B. Butler, “Field Research in China's Communes,” Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. XVIII
Anne F. Thurston, “New Opportunities for Research in China,” Items, Vol. 33, No. 2
Kenneth Prewitt, ed., Research Opportunities in China for American Humanists and Social Scientists
Maria Heimer and Stig Thøgersen, eds., Doing Field Work in China
Week II (February 2): State Building & Political Development
**Yuhua Wang, The Rise and Fall of Imperial China
Samuel Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies
Peter Evans, et al., Bringing the State Back In
James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State
James C. Scott, Against the Grain: A Deep History of the Earliest States
Charles Tilly, ed., The Formation of National States in Western Europe
Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States
Joel Migdal, Strong Societies, Weak States
Joel Migdal, State in Society
Joel Migdal, et al., eds., State Power and Social Forces
Lucian Pye and Sidney Verba, Political Culture and Political Development
Michael Mann, The Sources of Social Power (vol. 1)
Francis Fukuyama, The Origins of Political Order
Stephen Skowronek, Building a New American State
Stephen Skowronek and Karen Orren, The Search for American Political Development
Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism
Eric J. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism Since 1780
Ernst Haas, The Rise and Decline of Nationalism
Ernst Haas, Nationalism, Liberalism, and Progress
Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity
Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism and the Mind
John Breuilly, Nationalism and the State
Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed
David Laitin, Nations, States, and Violence
Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen
David Stasavage, The Decline and Rise of Democracy
Week III (February 8): Comparative Communism & Command Economy
**Isabella Weber, How China Escaped Shock Therapy
Carl J. Friedrich and Zbigniew K. Brzezinski, Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy
Chalmers Johnson, ed., Change in Communist Systems
Archie Brown and Jack Gray, Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States
Victor Nee and David Stark, eds., Remaking the Institutions of Socialism
Janos Kornai, The Socialist System
Tong Yanqi, Transitions from State Socialism
Daniel Chirot, ed., The Crisis of Leninism
Grzegorz Ekiert, The State Against Society
Merle Fainsod, How Russia Is Ruled
Valerie Bunce, Subversive Institutions
Jerry F. Hough and Merle Fainsod, How the Soviet Union Is Governed
Jerry Hough, The Soviet Union and Social Science Theory
Archie Brown, Soviet Politics and Political Science
Juan Linz, Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes
Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism
Minxin Pei, From Reform to Revolution
Martin Dimitrov, ed., Why Communism Did Not Collapse
Andrew Walder, ed., The Waning of the Communist State
Week IV (February 15): Elite Politics & Factionalism
**Victor Shih, Coalitions of the Weak
Robert D. Putnam, The Comparative Study of Political Elites
Robert D. Putnam, Bureaucrats and Politicians in Western Democracies
Milan Svolik, The Politics of Authoritarian Rule
Barbara Geddes, Politicians’ Dilemma
Barbara Geddes, et al., How Dictatorships Work
C. Wright Mills, The Power Elite
G. William Domhoff, Who Rules America?
Frank P. Belloni, et al., Faction Politics
Mary C. Carras, The Dynamics of Indian Political Factions
Raymond Taras, ed., Leadership Change in Communist States
Valerie Bunce, Do New Leaders Make a Difference?
Gerald L. Curtis, The Logic of Japanese Politics
Geraint Parry, Political Elites
Tom Bottomore, Elites and Society
James Burnham, The Managerial Revolution
Daniel Chirot, Tyrants
Week V (February 22): Political parties
**Daniel Koss, Where the Party Rules
Nancy L. Rosenblum, On the Side of the Angels: An Appreciation of Parties and Partisanship
Seymour Martin Lipset and Stein Rokkan, Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives
Angelo Panebianco, Political Parties: Organization and Power
Stathis Kalyvas, The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe
Herbert Kitschelt, The Transformation of European Social Democracy
Daniel Ziblatt, Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy in Europe
Aristide Zolberg, Creating Political Order: The Party-States of West Africa
Sebastian Elischer, Political Parties in Africa: Ethnicity and Party Formation
Steven Levitsky, Transforming Labor-Based Parties in Latin America
Robert Scalapino, Democracy and the Party Movement in Prewar Japan
Ellis Krauss and Robert Pekkanen, The Rise and Fall of Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party
Ora John Reuter, The Origins of Dominant Parties: Building Authoritarian Institutions in Post-Soviet Russia
Anna Grzymała-Busse, Redeeming the Communist Past: The Regeneration of Communist Parties in East Central Europe
Jennifer Gandhi, Political Institutions Under Dictatorship
Beatriz Magaloni, Voting for Autocracy
Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way, Competitive Authoritarianism
Note: Critique #2 must be turned in for Week VI, VII, VIII, or IX.
Week VI (February 29): Rural politics & social capital
**Lily L. Tsai, Accountability Without Democracy
Robert Putnam, Making Democracy Work
Robert Putnam, Bowling Alone
Daniel Aldrich, Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post-Disaster Recovery
Steven Levitsky and Gretchen Helmke, Informal Institutions and Democracy
Susan Rose-Ackerman, From Elections to Democracy
Elinor Ostrom, ed., Foundations of Social Capital
Stephen Baron, et al., eds., Social Capital: Critical Perspectives
James C. Scott, The Moral Economy of the Peasant
James C. Scott, Weapons of the Weak
Samuel Popkin, The Rational Peasant
Kenneth Sharpe, Peasant Politics
Joel Migdal, Peasants, Politics and Revolution
Eric Wolf, Peasant Wars in the 20th Century
Week VII (March 7): Urban Welfare and Citizenship
**Dorothy Solinger, Contesting Citizenship in Urban China
Gøsta Esping-Andersen, Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism
Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman, Development, Democracy and Welfare States
Theda Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers
T.H. Marshall, Class, Citizenship and Social Development
T.H. Marshall, Citizenship and Social Class
Harold Wilensky, The Welfare State and Equality
Paul Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State?
Paul Madrid, Retiring the State
Linda Cook, Post-Communist Welfare States
Prerna Singh, Collective Identity and the Common Good: Subnationalism and Social Development in India
Charles Tilly, ed., Citizenship, Identity and Social History
Bart van Steenbergen, ed., The Condition of Citizenship
Miriam Feldblum, Reconstructing Citizenship
Will Kymlicka and Wayne Norman, eds., Citizenship in Diverse Societies
James Holston, Insurgent Citizenship
Riva Kastoryano, Negotiating Identities
Week VIII (March 21): Institutions & Socioeconomic Development
**Yuen Yuen Ang, How China Escaped the Poverty Trap
Mancur Olson, Power and Prosperity
Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty
Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance
Robert H. Bates, Prosperity and Violence: The Political Economy of Development
Paul Pierson, Politics in Time
Elinor Ostrom, Governing the Commons
Peter B. Evans, Dependent Development
Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy
Robert Packenham, The Dependency Movement
Atul Kohli, State Directed Development
Atul Kohli, Democracy and Development in India
Atul Kohli, Poverty Amid Plenty in the New India
Aseema Sinha, The Regional Roots of Developmental Politics in India
Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle
Tuong Vu, Paths to Development in Asia
Alice Amsden, The Rise of ‘The Rest’
Meredith Woo-Cumings, The Developmental State
Robert Wade, Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization
Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery
Peter Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times
Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective
Albert O. Hirschman, The Strategy of Economic Development
Week IX (March 28): Bureaucracy and Central-Local Relations
**Xiao Ma, Localized Bargaining
Graham Allison, The Essence of Decision
Robert Dahl, Who Governs?
Kathleen Thelen, Beyond Continuity
James Mahoney, ed., Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences
Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis
Michael Crozier, The Bureaucratic Phenomenon
Herbert A. Simon, Administrative Behavior
John W. Kingdon, Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies
James March and Herbert Simon, Organizations
Merilee Grindle, Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World
Merilee Grindle, Going Local: Decentralization and the Promise of Good Governance
Richard Snyder, Politics After Neo-liberalism: Reregulation in Mexico
Wayne Cornelius, Subnational Politics and Democratization in Mexico
Tulia Falleti, Decentralization and Subnational Politics in Latin America
William Reisinger, ed., Russia’s Regions and Comparative Subnational Politics
Vladimir Gelman, ed., The Politics of Sub-national Authoritarianism in Russia
[Note: The third critique must be turned in for Week X, XI or XII]
Week X (April 4): Contentious Politics and Civil Society
**Diana Fu, Mobilizing Without the Masses
James C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance
Forest Colburn, ed., Everyday Forms of Resistance
Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action
Charles Tilly, From Mobilization to Revolution
Sidney Tarrow, Power in Movement
Doug McAdam, et al., eds., Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements
Doug McAdam, Sidney Tarrow and Charles Tilly, The Dynamics of Contention
Ronald Aminzade, et al., Silence and Voice in the Study of Contentious Politics
Aldon Morris, et al., eds., Frontiers in Social Movement Theory
Roger Gould, Insurgent Identities
Dan Slater, Ordering Power
Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions
Paul Almeida, Mobilizing Democracy: Globalization and Citizen Protest
Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists Beyond Borders
Mary Alice Haddad, Politics and Volunteering in Japan
Theda Skocpol, Civic Engagement in American Democracy
Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, Henry E. Brady, Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics
Ashutosh Varshney, Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life
Bob Edwards, Michael Foley and Mario Diani, eds., Beyond Tocqueville
Virginia Hodgkinson and Michael Foley, eds., Civil Society Reader
Grzegorz Ekiert, Elizabeth J. Perry and Yan Xiaojun, eds., Ruling by Other Means: State-Mobilized Movements
Week XI (April 11): Information Technology & State Control
**Margaret Roberts, Censored
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities
Daniel Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society
Jeffrey Abramson, et al., The Electronic Commonwealth: The Impact of New Media Technologies on Democratic Politics
Philip Howard, The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Jason Gainous and Kevin Wagner, Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics
David Trottier and Christian Fuchs, Social Media, Politics and the State
Glenn Richardson, ed., Social Media and Politics (2 vols.)
Bogdan Patrut and Monica Patrut, Social Media in Politics
Paweł Surowiec and Václav Štětka, Social Media and Politics in Central and Eastern Europe
Lina Dencik and Oliver Leistert, Critical Perspectives on Social Media and Protest
Week XII (April 18): Authoritarian Resilience and Regime Change
**Martin Dimitrov, Dictatorship and Information
Barrington Moore, Jr., Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture
Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson, Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way, Revolution and Dictatorship: The Violent Origins of Durable Authoritarianism
Jason Brownlee, Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization
Lisa Wedeen, Ambiguities of Domination
Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule
Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman, Dictators and Democrats
Adam Przeworski, Democracy and Development
Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market
Giuseppe Di Palma, To Craft Democracies
Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave
Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, eds., Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation
Ruth B. Collier, Paths Toward Democracy
Ronald Inglehart, Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy
Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber Stephens, and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy
Jason Brownlee, The Arab Spring
Eva Bellin, Stalled Democracy
Thursday, May 2: Research Designs
Gary King, et. al., Designing Social Inquiry
Henry Brady and David Collier, eds., Rethinking Social Inquiry
Allen Carlson, et. al., Contemporary Chinese Politics: New Sources, Methods and Field Strategies
Benjamin Read, Diana Kapiszewski and Lauren MacLean, Field Research in Political Science